Amendes et infractions
Virginia HOA Rules Enforcement: Va. Code 55.1-1819 Explained
Va. Code 55.1-1819 outlines how Virginia homeowners associations adopt and enforce rules, details member hearing rights, sets penalty limits, and governs service suspensions.
Ce guide est en anglais, la langue dans laquelle la loi est publiée, afin que chaque citation corresponde au texte officiel. La foire aux questions ci-dessous est dans votre langue.
What the law covers
Under Va. Code 55.1-1819, the board of directors has the power to establish, adopt, and enforce rules and regulations regarding common areas and other responsibilities assigned to the association by the declaration, unless reserved to the members.
Rules must be adopted by resolution and reasonably published or distributed throughout the development. Members may repeal or amend board-adopted rules by a majority of votes cast at a special meeting convened according to the association's bylaws. Rules may be enforced using standard private property owner remedies in Virginia, including seeking injunctions or actual damages. The court awards reasonable attorney fees and court costs to the prevailing party.
Key requirements and limits
The statute establishes specific conditions and monetary limits for enforcement:
- Monetary Charges: Charges cannot exceed $50 for a single offense or $10 per day for a continuing offense. Total charges for a continuing offense cannot be assessed for more than 90 days.
- Assessment Treatment: Assessed charges are treated as an assessment against the member's lot under 55.1-1833.
- Suspension of Facilities or Services: The board may suspend a member's right to use facilities or services (including association-provided utilities) if assessment payments are more than 60 days past due, provided lot access through common areas is not blocked and the suspension does not endanger health, safety, or property.
- Legal Action Accrual Cap: No additional charges accrue after a legal action is filed in court by the association or by a lot owner challenging the charges.
Note that the association's governing documents and later amendments may also apply and govern specific authority.
Notice, hearing and deadlines
Before any authorized enforcement action is taken, the board must follow a statutory procedure:
- Written Notice of Violation: The member must receive written notice of the alleged violation sent to the address required for meeting notices under 55.1-1815, providing a reasonable opportunity to correct it.
- Notice of Hearing: If uncorrected, the member must be given an opportunity to be heard and represented by counsel before the board or designated tribunal. Notice of the hearing and potential actions must be hand-delivered or sent by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested) at least 14 days before the hearing.
- Notice of Hearing Result: The hearing result must be hand-delivered or sent by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested) within 7 days after the hearing.
Practical checklist for homeowners
- Read your association's governing documents and later amendments to verify rule-making authority.
- Keep written records and copies of all notices, receipts, and hearing correspondence.
- Pay attention to key statutory timelines, such as the 14-day hearing notice requirement and the 7-day result delivery window.
- Check the official text of Va. Code 55.1-1819 for legal updates or changes.
Source
Va. Code 55.1-1819, texte officiel“At a special meeting of the association convened in accordance with the provisions of the association's bylaws, a majority of votes cast at such meeting may repeal or amend any rule or regulation adopted by the board of directors.”
“The amount of any charges so assessed shall not be limited to the expense or damage to the association caused by the violation, but shall not exceed $50 for a single offense”
“Within seven days of the hearing, the hearing result shall be hand delivered or mailed by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the member at the address of record with the association.”
Foire aux questions
Combien une HOA de Virginie peut-elle facturer pour une violation d'un règlement ?
Selon la loi de l'État, les frais ne peuvent pas dépasser 50 $ pour une seule infraction ou 10 $ par jour pour une infraction continue, avec une limite maximale de 90 jours pour les infractions continues.
Combien de temps à l'avance une HOA doit-elle informer un membre d'une audience ?
Un préavis écrit d'une audience doit être remis en main propre ou envoyé par courrier recommandé ou certifié au moins 14 jours avant l'audience.
Les membres peuvent-ils abroger un règlement adopté par le conseil d'administration ?
Oui. Lors d'une réunion spéciale convoquée conformément aux statuts, la majorité des voix exprimées peut abroger ou modifier tout règlement adopté par le conseil.
Quand une association peut-elle suspendre l'accès aux installations ou aux services ?
Les installations ou services (y compris les services publics) peuvent être suspendus pour des paiements de cotisations en retard de plus de 60 jours, à condition que l'accès au lot ne soit pas bloqué et que la santé/sécurité ne soit pas mise en danger.
Cette page fournit des renseignements juridiques d'ordre général et non des conseils juridiques; Harrington Community n'est pas un cabinet d'avocats. Les lois sont modifiées au fil du temps et les documents gouvernants de votre association peuvent également s'appliquer. Pour obtenir des conseils adaptés à votre situation, contactez un avocat habilité ou le service de référence aux avocats du barreau de votre État.